Kazakhstan’s focus on improving investor dispute resolution and prevention mechanisms has been an essential element of this success. A great deal has been done in recent years. Many countries around the world, especially those that have passed through similar transitions from other non-capitalist economic systems in their recent history, can draw useful lessons from Kazakhstan’s experience.

Ukrainian troops have battled Russian-backed separatist forces in the east in a conflict Kyiv estimates has killed 14,000 people since 2014.

The 57-year-old former banker was arrested in June 2020, as was his 31-year-old son who was rounded up on tax evasion charges.

Russia's Eximbank provided 24.4 million euros at an annual rate of 0.51 percent, while VEB.RF, one of Russia's largest investment companies, loaned 30.4 million euros at an annual 1.85 percent.

President Sandu says her resounding victory in the parliamentary vote means an end to the "rule of bandits"

The rating agency has reaffirmed its BB-/B rating and 'kzA' Kazakhstan national scale rating on Kaspi Bank.