The Minister of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry, Bagdat Musin called grey mining tax evasion and claimed that grey miners would have their IP addresses blocked and their property confiscated.

Last year, the country drafted a plan to increase oil production to 104.2 million tonnes by 2030 through a number of projects.

Kazakhstan's 'BBB' IDRs reflect strong fiscal and external balance sheets that have been resilient to the coronavirus and oil price shocks, and financing flexibility.